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Sir Henry Howard (11 August 1843 – 4 May 1921) was a British diplomat who was the first formal British envoy to the Vatican for over 300 years. ==Biography== Henry Howard was the elder son of Sir Henry Francis Howard, also a British diplomat and ambassador, and through him was a descendant of Lord William Howard, younger son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.〔(Sir Henry Howard ) – thepeerage.com〕 As a member of the Howard family he was a Roman Catholic and was educated at Downside School.〔British Mission to the Pope, ''The Times'', 12 December 1914, page 9〕 He joined the Diplomatic Service as an attaché to the Legation in Washington, D.C. in 1865. He was promoted to Third Secretary in 1869〔(The London Gazette, 17 August 1869 )〕 and to Second Secretary in 1873.〔(The London Gazette, 14 February 1873 )〕 While in Washington he was Her Majesty's Agent for British claims under the Treaty of Washington (1871).〔(The London Gazette, 30 June 1871 )〕 For this service he was appointed CB in 1874〔(The London Gazette, 24 February 1874 )〕 after leaving Washington. He then served in The Hague, and in early 1876 was in London as secretary to a Royal Commission on Fugitive Slaves.〔Elaine Harrison, (Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 10: Officials of Royal Commissions of Inquiry 1870-1939 ), Institute of Historical Research, 1995〕 After this he was posted back to Washington, then to Guatemala in 1883. In 1885 Howard was promoted again to be Secretary to the legation at Athens,〔(The London Gazette, 17 April 1885 )〕 and subsequently held the same post at the legations at Copenhagen,〔(The London Gazette, 15 January 1886 )〕 Peking〔(The London Gazette, 23 September 1887 )〕 and St Petersburg.〔(The London Gazette, 23 December 1890 )〕 In 1894 he was appointed Secretary to the embassy at Paris.〔(The London Gazette, 18 September 1894 )〕 In 1896 he was appointed minister to the Netherlands and also to Luxembourg.〔(The London Gazette, 20 October 1896 )〕 While at The Hague, Howard was knighted KCMG in January 1899〔(The London Gazette, 10 January 1899 )〕 and a few months later he was named as British co-representative (with Sir Julian Pauncefote) at the Hague Convention of 1899.〔''The Times'', London, 11 April 1899, page 9〕 Sir Henry was given the additional honour of KCB in the King's Birthday Honours of 1907.〔(Supplement to the London Gazette, 8 November 1907 )〕 In October 1908 he left The Hague after presenting his letters of recall to Queen Wilhelmina, who conferred on him the Order of Orange-Nassau.〔''The Times'', London, 15 October 1908, page 11〕 Some of his furniture and effects were shipped on the Great Eastern Railway Company's ship ''Yarmouth'' which sank with all hands on its way from Hook of Holland to Harwich on 27 October 1908.〔''The Times'', London, 18 January 1910, page 3〕 In December 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, Sir Henry was appointed "His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on a Special Mission to His Holiness the Pope"〔(The London Gazette, 1 January 1915 )〕 (Benedict XV, who had been elected that September). Sir Henry was accompanied by a member of Foreign Office staff to be Secretary of the mission.〔 This appointment re-established full diplomatic relations with the Holy See for the first time since 1558〔(UK-Holy See relations ) – British Embassy, Holy See〕 (although the United Kingdom had been intermittently represented at the Vatican during the 19th century by diplomats accredited to Italian states). Sir Henry's instructions, in a letter to him from the Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, were published in a parliamentary paper (Cd.7736): You will ... in presenting your letters of credence to his Holiness, and offering him the cordial congratulations of his Majesty the King on the occasion of his election, intimate to him that his Majesty's Government are anxious to put themselves into direct communication with him for the purpose of demonstrating the motives which have governed their attitude since the first moment that the normal relations between the Great Powers of Europe began to be disturbed and of establishing that his Majesty's Government used every effort to maintain the peace of Europe which his Holiness' venerated predecessor had so much at heart.〔The British Mission to the Vatican – Envoy's Instructions, ''The Times'', London, 2 January 1915, page 7〕 In August 1916 Sir Henry retired from the Diplomatic Service and was appointed GCMG "in recognition of his long and eminent services, and on the occasion of his retirement."〔(The London Gazette, 18 August 1916 )〕 He died in Rome on 4 May 1921; ''The Times'' did not run an obituary but published the following item: THE LATE SIR H. HOWARD 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Howard (diplomat)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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